Born in Prague – 1926. Immigrated to Palestine – March, 1939. Studied in Cardiff, Wales – 1946-1948, 1949-1950 (B.A. Hon, 1^st Class). PHD, Hebrew University – 1960. Joined Institute of Contemporary Jewry (ICJ) at Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1961. Full Professor – 1977; Head of Holocaust Studies at ICJ – 1968-1996; Head of ICJ – 1973-1975, 1977-1979. Academic Chairman, 1979-1995. Retired – 1995.

Founding Chair of the Vidal Sassoon Center for the Study of Antisemitism, 1982-1995. Member of Academic Committee, 1995-present. Founding Editor of the Journal for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 1986-1990. Chair, Yad Vashem Research Institute – 2000-2005; Academic Adviser, Yad Vashem, 2005-present. Member of Israeli Academy of Science – from 2000. Adviser to the government of Sweden as Chair of the Content Committee of the Stockholm Forum on Holocaust Education (2000), and on Genocide Prevention (2004). Academic Adviser of the International Task Force for Holocaust Education and Research (ITF) – now IHRA (International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance) – 1998-2005, Hon. Chairman (2005-present)

Israel Prize – 1998

Adviser to Documentary films: Shoah (Claude Lanzman), Heritage (Abba Eban), and others.

Speech to the German Bundestag, Holocaust Memorial Day – Jan. 27, 1998. Speech at the UN General Assembly, Holocaust Memorial Day – Jan, 27, 2006. Speech to the Austrian Parliament, October 29, 2015

Various medals from governments of Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Czech Republic. Founding Member of the Genocide Prevention Advisory Network – expert group advising the Swiss and other governments. Main interests: Holocaust Studies, Antisemitism, Genocide